Immunity And Types
Immunity And Types
The ability of the body (host) to fight against the disease causing agent is called immunity. It is of two types:-
(1) Innate Immunity :
It refers to all the defense elements with which an individual is born and always available to protect the body. It is a non-specific type of defense system.
(i) It is present from the time of birth and inherited from parents.
(ii) It consists of four types of barrier system that prevent the entry of pathogen or foreign element into the body.
Types of Barriers in Innate Immunity:-
Various types of barriers are as follows :-
(i) Physical Barriers Skin is the first line of defense :- It prevents the entry of the pathogens of the body. Mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts also help in trapping microbes.
(ii) Physiological Barriers :- Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears from the eyes, etc., prevent the growth of microbes.
(iii) Cellular Barrier :- Special types of cells in our body, which kill the disease causing agents. Example are WBCS, (leukocytes) Polymorpho Nuclear Leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, etc.)
(iv) Cytokine Barrier Cells which are virus-infected, release types of protein called interferons. Interferons the uninfected cells from further infection.
(2) Acquired Immunity
It is pathogen specific and is not present from the birth and develops during an individual's lifetime.
This type of immunity is acquired after the birth, either by contracting the disease or by vaccination.
It has the following characters :-
(i) Specificity :-It has the ability to distinguish many different foreign molecules accordingly.
(ii) Memory :- It is a unique feature, which helps in producing an intensive response when the pathogen attacks the second time.
Students / Parents Reviews [20]
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Hridey Preet
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8thUsually we see institutes offering objective based learning which usually causes a lag behind in subjective examinations which is the pattern followed by schools. I think it is really a work of planning to make us students grab the advantages of modes of examination, Objective Subjective and Onli...
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7thAbhyas institute is one of the best coaching institute in the vicinity of Ambala cantt.The institute provides good and quality education to the students.The teachers are well experienced and are very helpful in solving the problems. The major advantages of the institute is extra classes for weak...
Shreya Shrivastava
8thAbhyas institute is one of the best coaching institute in the vicinity of Ambala Cantt area. The teachers of the institute are well experienced and very helpful in solving the problems of the students.The good thing of the institute is that it is providing extra classes for the students who are w...
